Japan’s 2025 tax reform introduces changes to individual income tax, dependent deductions and withholding requirements, with most personal tax measures taking effect from 1 December 2025 and updated employment income withholding tables from 1 January 2026. These changes will affect payroll processing, year-end adjustments and assignment planning for globally mobile employees. This update sets out the key points payroll and mobility teams need to manage compliance and ensure accurate processing for 2025 and year-end activities.
Key Changes for Employees
- Higher basic deduction: Eligible individuals may claim up to ¥950,000, depending on income.
- Employment income deduction: The minimum rises from ¥550,000 to ¥650,000, increasing take-home pay for lower- and middle-income earners.
- Threshold for taxable income: The point at which individuals become liable for income tax will increase; some employees may see the threshold rise to ¥1.60 million.
- Dependent and spouse deductions: The income limit for qualifying dependents in the same household increases to ¥580,000, and a new “specified relative” deduction is available for 19- to 23-year-olds with income between ¥580,000 and ¥1.23 million, offering up to ¥630,000 relief.
Impact on Payroll
Employees must submit updated declarations for dependents and specified relatives to benefit from the revised deductions during the 2025 year-end adjustment. Payroll systems should be updated to reflect the new deduction levels and prepare for the revised withholding rules from January 2026.
Considerations for Global Mobility
- Inbound assignees and outbound Japanese nationals: Changes to deductions and income thresholds may affect net pay, particularly for employees with dependants.
- Assignment allowances and remuneration planning: Increased deductions and higher income thresholds should be factored into total remuneration and cost-of-living adjustments.
- Policy updates: Review global mobility policies to ensure compliance and alignment with the new deduction and withholding rules.
Practical Steps for Employers
- Update payroll systems: Ensure deductions, withholding tables, and year-end processes reflect the new rules.
- Communicate with employees: Provide clear guidance on dependent and specified relative declarations to ensure accurate year-end adjustments.
- Coordinate with mobility and HR teams: Assess impacts on assignment allowances and total remuneration and update policies where necessary.
Japan - Global Insights
For further detailed guidance on payroll, employment law, and compliance in Japan, visit our Japan Global Insights on the activpayroll website.
Next Steps
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